1. Nā papa enzyme
Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa lepili enzyme no nā hoʻokolohua immunoassay enzyme ma kahi mea hana hōʻailona enzyme.Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā papa 96-well, i hoʻolālā nui ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana me nā mea lepili enzyme.I loko o kahi ELISA, hoʻopili ʻia nā antigens, antibodies a me nā molekala olaola ʻē aʻe ma luna o ka ʻili o ka pā e nā ʻano hana like ʻole, a laila e pane me ka hāpana a me ka antigen a i ʻole antibody i kapa ʻia ka enzyme ma nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole e ʻike ʻia e ka ELISA.
2. Nā papa moʻomeheu
Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa moʻomeheu i nā cell moʻomeheu a i ʻole bacteria a loaʻa i nā luawai 6, 12, 24, 48 a me 96.Ua like lākou me nā papa ELISA māmā, akā ʻokoʻa loa kā lākou hoʻohana.Hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻano moʻomeheu kūpono i nā pūnāwai o ka pā a laila hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā cell i kahi ʻano kūpono.ʻO nā papa maʻamau he papa pālahalaha, kūpono no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā cell a me nā ʻiʻo, a loaʻa pū me ka U-lalo a i ʻole V-lalo.Loaʻa iā lākou me kahi U-lalo a me V-lalo, i hoʻololi ʻia i ka ʻili e hāʻawi i ka moʻomeheu pā hale a me nā waiwai ulu.
3. Pcr papa
Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa PCR i nā mea hana PCR, e like me nā papa enzyme, ma ke ʻano he mea lawe paʻa paʻa kahi e hoʻokau ʻia ai nā laʻana i nā hopena pcr, a laila ʻike ʻia me ka mea hana PCR.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kahi pā PCR he hui pū ʻana o nā paipu PCR he nui, ma ke ʻano he 96 luawai.
4. Nā papa punawai hohonu
E like me ka enzyme label plate, PCR plate, etc. hiki ke lilo i microplate, no ka mea, liʻiliʻi loa ka leo o kēlā me kēia puka, aia kekahi ʻano pā i loko o ka hale hana, ʻoi aku ka hohonu o kona lua, ʻo ka lalo o ka U-lalo, hana ʻia. ʻO nā mea polymer, me ka hoʻohālikelike kemika maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻonā polar organic, acidic a alkaline solutions a me nā waihona wai ʻē aʻe.
5. Nā papa serum
Hana ʻia me ka polymer polystyrene material me kahi mālama ʻili kūikawā, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou no ka dilution serum, protein a me ka antigen antibody concentration hoʻoholo.